Mean Arterial Pressure Change Associated with Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Older Adults

We investigate over a 12-year period the association between regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cardiovascular risk factors in a prospective cohort of healthy older adults (81.96 +/- 3.82 year-old) from the Cognitive REServe and Clinical ENDOphenotype (CRESCENDO) study. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured over 12 years, and gray matter CBF was measured at the end of the study from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging using arterial spin labeling. The association between cardiovascular risk factors, their long-term change, and CBF was assessed using multivariate linear regression models. Women were observed to have higher CBF than men (p < 0.05). Increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) over the 12-year period was correlated with a low cerebral blood flow (p < 0.05, R(2) = 0.21), whereas no association was detected between CBF and MAP at the time of imaging. High levels of glycemia tended to be associated with low cerebral blood flow values (p < 0.05). Age, alcohol consumption, smoking status, body mass index, history of cardiovascular disease, and hypertension were not associated with CBF. Our main result suggests that change in MAP is the most significant predictor of future CBF in older adults

Deficiency of FcεR1 increases body weight gain but improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice

Prior studies demonstrated increased plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) in diabetic patients, but the direct participation of IgE in diabetes or obesity remains unknown. This study found that plasma IgE levels correlated inversely with body weight, body mass index, and body fat mass among a population of randomly selected obese women. IgE receptor FcεR1-deficient (Fcer1a–/–) mice and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice demonstrated that FcεR1 deficiency in DIO mice increased food intake, reduced energy expenditure, and increased body weight gain, but improved glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin secretion. White adipose tissue (WAT) from Fcer1a–/– mice showed increased expression of phospho-AKT, C/EBPα, PPARγ, Glut4, and Bcl-2, but reduced UCP1 and phospho-JNK expression, tissue macrophage accumulation, and apoptosis, suggesting that IgE reduces adipogenesis and glucose uptake, but induces energy expenditure, adipocyte apoptosis, and WAT inflammation. In 3T3-L1 cells, IgE inhibited the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ, and preadipocyte adipogenesis, and induced adipocyte apoptosis. IgE reduced 3T3-L1 cell expression of Glut4, phospho-AKT, and glucose uptake, which concurred with improved glucose tolerance in Fcer1a–/– mice. This study established two novel pathways of IgE in reducing body weight gain in DIO mice by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing adipocyte apoptosis, while worsening glucose tolerance by reducing Glut4 expression, glucose uptake, and insulin secretion

The 1st International Seminar on Pollution, Health, Environment and Biomonitoring Abstract book SIPSEB 2021

International audienceThe first international seminar on pollution, health, environment and bio-monitoring, will be organized by the Department of Science and Nature and Life of the University of August 20, 1955-Skikda online (web meeting); this is in projection of the effect of Covid-19 pandemic. Public health, the appearance or disappearance of certain living species, pollution, climate change, etc… can be among the batteries of environment health indicators. They are the most objective natural integrators of an environmental state, and therefore, of the impacts of human activities combined with possible natural bio-geo-climatic hazards. Bio-monitoring is very useful in the context of environmental public health. Thereby, knowing the origin of our food and its qualities is essential for our health. Namely that fishery and aquaculture products make an important contribution to food security and nutrition; they are the main source of protein for 17% of the world’s population and almost 25% in low-income and food-deficit countries. The Committee on World Food Security (CFS, 2014) recognized; the sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture was an essential condition for food security and nutrition. As a result, this seminar aims to bring together researchers and teacher-researchers and why not professionals from all over the country so that they can discuss and share their scientific results and field experiences in relation to the themes proposed for this seminar as: Marine Sciences, Ecotoxicology, Applied Microbiology, Food Quality and Safety and HACCP, Pathology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products, Pollutants’ Impact on Human Health, Consumer Protection, ISO upgrade and Blue Biotechnology

Anxiety and 10-Year Risk of Incident Dementia—An Association Shaped by Depressive Symptoms: Results of the Prospective Three-City Study

Background: Anxiety is common in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia. However, whether anxiety is a risk factor for dementia is still not known. We aimed to examine the association between trait anxiety at baseline and the 10-year risk of incident dementia to determine to which extent depressive symptoms influence this relationship in the general population.Methods: Data came from 5,234 community-dwelling participants from the Three-City prospective cohort study, aged 65 years at baseline and followed over 10 years. At baseline, anxiety trait was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and depressive symptoms using Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CESD). Use of anxiolytic drugs was also considered. Diagnoses of dementia were made at baseline and every 2 years. To examine the relationship between anxiety exposures and risk of incident dementia, Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed.Results: Taking anxiolytic drugs or having high trait anxiety (STAI score ≥ 44) increased the risk of dementia assessed over 10 years of follow-up [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.08–1.80, p = 0.01 and HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01–1.57, p = 0.04, respectively], independently of a large panel of socio-demographic variables, health behaviors, cardio-metabolic disorders, and additional age-related disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, activity limitations, and cognitive deficit. However, the associations were substantially attenuated after further adjustment for depressive symptoms.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms shape the association between anxiety trait and dementia. Further research is needed to replicate our findings and extrapolate our results to anxiety disorders

Variations in circulating inflammatory factors are related to changes in calorie and carbohydrate intakes early in the course of surgery-induced weight reduction.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Obesity is considered a low-grade inflammatory state that improves with weight loss. In addition to acute-phase proteins, other cytokines might contribute to systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare serum concentrations of a large panel of inflammation-related factors in obese and normal-weight subjects and to determine kinetic changes induced by caloric restriction. DESIGN: The cohort comprised 14 normal-weight women and 51 obese women who were followed over 2 y after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Multiplexed proteomics were used to simultaneously assay 27 cytokines and growth factors in serum. RESULTS: Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-9, IL-1-receptor antagonist, IL-10, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, IL-8, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), monokine induced by interferon-γ, and vascular endothelial growth factor were found to be elevated in obesity. IL-10 was further elevated in diabetic obese patients, whereas eotaxin was found to be higher only in diabetic subjects. After surgery, many factors showed a biphasic pattern of variation, decreasing sharply at month 3 before rising back to presurgical values at month 6; these changes closely tracked similar kinetic changes in calorie and carbohydrate intake. After 1 y, an overall reduction in cytokines accompanied the reduction in body mass index and an amelioration in metabolic status. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with elevated circulating concentrations of a large panel of cytokines. Coordinated kinetic changes during weight loss suggest an early influence of calorie and carbohydrate intakes, whereas a longer-term reduction in corpulence might prevail in regulating circulating cytokine concentrations. This trial is registered at clincaltrials.gov as NCT00476658

Réorganisation de la connectivité fonctionnelle des réseaux de l’état de repos en fonction de la performance de la mémoire de travail chez des individus âgés sains.

National audience..

Working memory performance is related to intrinsic resting state functional connectivity changes in community-dwelling elderly cohort

Characterization of normal age-related changes in resting state brain networks associated with working memory performance is a major prerequisite for studying neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between performing a working memory task (under MRI) and resting-state brain networks in a large cohort of healthy elderly subjects (n = 337)